What is habitat connectivity?

Connectivity is the degree to which landscapes and seascapes allow species to move freely as needed and natural processes to function unimpeded. Habitat connectivity refers to the extent to which areas allow for the movement and exchange of species and ecological processes between different areas of habitat.  They can be directly joined as is the case for corridors or can be discontinuous habitat, occurring as stepping stones for species. Connectivity plays a crucial role in the conservation and management of ecosystems, particularly for species that require large ranges or undergo seasonal migrations. It is especially important for maintaining healthy populations, promoting genetic diversity, and enabling the adaptation and survival of species in the face of environmental changes.

Connectivity can be impacted by a range of natural and human-caused factors, such as the physical characteristics of the landscape, including the presence of natural barriers like rivers or mountains, cliffs or waterbodies, as well as human activities, such as urban development, roads, and infrastructure. Fragmentation of habitats due to human activities can enormously disrupt connectivity and impede the movement of species, leading to negative consequences for biodiversity. 

Conservation efforts focus on maintaining or restoring habitat connectivity through various strategies. These may include creating wildlife corridors, which are strips of habitat that connect isolated patches, restoring and creating habitat patches and implementing measures to mitigate the impacts of infrastructure and development such as building wildlife crossing structures. By enhancing habitat connectivity, we can support the long-term viability of ecosystems and promote the survival of species into the future.